The patient’s own PRP and PPP, processed together through hollow-fibre ultrafiltration.
exosmart adds a concentration step after centrifugation. Water and permeable solutes leave through the membrane; retained platelet and plasma components remain together in a smaller volume.
PRP supplies platelets and their associated signals. The surrounding plasma carries vesicles, soluble mediators and proteins involved in transport, regulation and matrix formation.
PRP
Platelet-rich plasma
Supplies platelets and their stored and membrane-associated mediators.
PPP
Platelet-poor plasma
Contributes circulating signals, carrier and regulatory proteins, and matrix-forming proteins.
We collect both fractions before concentration. Each preparation reflects the patient’s plasma and the centrifugation method used.
02 / FROM BLOOD TO CONCENTRATE
From the blood draw to the final preparation.
01 / COLLECT & SEPARATE
Prepare the plasma
≈60 mLblood/≈30 mLPRP + PPP
Collect the patient’s blood and separate the plasma using the selected preparation system. Both PRP and PPP are carried forward.
Tubes illustrate one preparation method.02 / CONCENTRATE
Concentrate with exosmart
3–5minutes
Plasma moves along the hollow fibres. Water and permeable small solutes cross the membrane while retained components concentrate.
Time for the concentration step.03 / FINAL PREPARATION
Collect the preparation
≈6 mLconcentrated preparation
The retained preparation is collected in a syringe, ready for the next stage of the clinical workflow.
Final volume depends on the protocol.
Typical preparation volumes are shown. The concentration step takes approximately 3–5 minutes after blood collection and centrifugation. Haematocrit and the preparation protocol influence the volumes and timing. Follow the current manufacturer’s Instructions for Use for device operation.
03 / INSIDE THE DEVICE
Plasma flows along the fibres. Fluid passes through the wall.
The syringes move plasma back and forth along the hollow fibres. This movement along the membrane surface is called tangential flow.
Device overview and enlarged hollow fibre
Inside the fibresPlasma moves back and forth along the membrane.
Across the membraneWater and permeable small solutes pass into the collection compartment.
In the preparationRetained components concentrate as fluid volume falls.
870Hollow fibres
15 kDaNominal membrane cut-off
0.075 m²Membrane area
PolysulfoneHollow-fibre membrane
RETAINED PREPARATION
What remains inside
Platelets, vesicles and retained plasma proteins concentrate in the remaining fluid. Retention also depends on molecular form and binding to carrier proteins.
PERMEATE
What crosses the membrane
Water and permeable small solutes leave into the collection bag. The nominal cut-off characterises membrane permeability; molecular form also influences passage.
30 ÷ 6 = 5
The final volume is approximately one fifth of the starting plasma volume. Laboratory testing measures the concentration and recovery of individual components.
04 / THE BIOLOGY WE KEEP TOGETHER
Five biological layers. One plasma preparation.
The Complete Autologous Plasma Secretome brings together vesicles, platelets, soluble signals, carrier and regulatory proteins, and matrix-forming proteins. Select each layer to see how it contributes to the biological environment.
01 / VESICLES
Membranes, surfaces and cargo
Extracellular vesicles carry proteins, lipids and RNA. Their surface and surrounding proteins also influence interactions with recipient cells.
exosmart concentrates vesicles together with platelets and the surrounding plasma components.
02 / PLATELETS
Platelets carry stored mediators
Platelets contain granules and membrane-associated proteins. They respond to their biological environment and contribute platelet-associated signals.
Platelet granules store mediators that can be released as platelets respond to local signals.
03 / SOLUBLE SIGNALS
Signals act through receptors
Growth factors and other soluble mediators interact with cells that carry the relevant receptors. Different signals have different biological roles.
PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, VEGF, TGF-β1 and EGF have been measured in the final preparation.
04 / CARRIER PROTEINS
Carrier and regulatory proteins
Plasma proteins transport and bind biological signals. Carrier complexes influence signal availability, while regulatory proteins help control biological activity.
The illustration shows carrier and regulatory protein concepts, including IGF-binding proteins and α2-macroglobulin.
05 / MATRIX PROTEINS
Proteins that can form a local matrix
Fibrinogen and fibronectin participate in the local matrix. Fibrin forms when coagulation conditions trigger its assembly.
The illustration shows the matrix these proteins can form under appropriate local conditions.
These components interact within the same plasma preparation. The Science page connects their biological roles with laboratory findings and clinical observations.
05 / LABORATORY CHARACTERISATION
Laboratory analysis of the final preparation.
Particle tracking, microscopy, marker testing and growth-factor assays describe the preparation from complementary perspectives: size, structure and molecular composition.
Nanoparticle tracking analysis measures light-scattering particles. The laboratory reported 5–30 × 10¹² particles/mL across four finished preparations, with median diameters of 127–178 nm.
NTA counts light-scattering particles across the sample, including vesicles and other plasma particles such as lipoproteins.
Source: StemExoOne, four finished preparations; original curves reproduced from Scientific Foundation, slide 32. Each graph retains its original vertical scale. Headline concentrations are laboratory-reported totals.
Original Western blot panels · StemExoOne · Scientific Foundation, slide 33.
EV-ASSOCIATED MARKERS
CD9. CD63. CD81.
Western blot and flow cytometry identified the EV-associated markers CD9, CD63 and CD81 in the analysed preparations.
Read alongside microscopy and particle tracking, these findings add molecular detail to the characterisation of the preparation.
GROWTH FACTORS · MULTIPLEX IMMUNOASSAY
Measured in the final preparation.
Three donor sets were assessed by a third-party laboratory using Luminex xMAP / Bio-Plex 200. The ranges show variation between donors.
Final output concentrations · pg/mL
Growth factor
Observed range
PDGF-AA
3,303–6,153
PDGF-AB/BB
1,428–3,936
VEGF
66.8–157.5
TGF-β1
23,331–40,665*
EGF
164–413
Source: Woongbee Testing Center, report 2025-027-L; three donors, triplicate wells. *The highest TGF-β1 value was extrapolated above the assay standard curve and is an estimate.
06 / PREPARATION IN PRACTICE
Watch the preparation.
Follow the original exosmart preparation film, from the assembled circuit to collection of the concentrate.
